淺談考研英語同位語從句的翻譯
同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種,其基本的構(gòu)成形式,是通過陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句來構(gòu)成的:比如:
He is a boy.
Are you a boy?
Who is a boy?
我們用他們分別來構(gòu)成從句。陳述句直接加that引導(dǎo),一般疑問句變陳述語序加whether或if引導(dǎo),特殊疑問句保留特殊疑問詞。構(gòu)成如下:
I know the fact that he is a boy.
I have a question whether he is a boy.
I have a quesion who is a boy.
知道了其構(gòu)成,我們在考試中就可以將其識別出來了,那么醫(yī).學(xué)全.在.線payment-defi.com,識別出來以后,如何對他們進(jìn)行翻譯呢?主要有以下4種翻譯方法。
1.保持句子本身的順序。一般的同位語從句,可以按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)順譯,保持句序,有時(shí)為了點(diǎn)明,加“即,也就是”這樣的連接詞,會(huì)使句子更自然。當(dāng)然,使用功能類似的標(biāo)點(diǎn),比如用冒號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號也可,如:
Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
【參考譯文】Whorf對語言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn),即在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。
再如:
During the Second World War,several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
【參考譯文】第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論:政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
2.可以單獨(dú)成句翻譯。本文來源微博@鬼谷一喵,比如這句話:If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 句中做同位語的是a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory這個(gè)部分,由于其中還有-ed分詞做后置定語,可以把同位語單獨(dú)譯成一個(gè)句子成分:假如這些小熱點(diǎn)看上去同預(yù)計(jì)的一致,那就意味著又一科學(xué)論說的勝利,這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論,亦稱宇宙膨脹說。
The mere fact that most people believe nuclear war would be madness doesn’t mean that it will not occur.
【參考譯文】事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為核戰(zhàn)爭是殘忍,但僅此一點(diǎn)并不意味著核戰(zhàn)爭由此不會(huì)發(fā)生。
3.可以譯成定語。這種情況中往往同位語從句所修飾的名詞做句子主語,如果把同位語從句譯成定語,則不影響句子的其它成分。如:
The belief that failure is the mother of success has kept him go on experimenting.
【參考譯文】失敗是成功之母的信念使他繼續(xù)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
4.可以譯成賓語。一般說來,這樣的同位語從句位于句末醫(yī)學(xué)全在線網(wǎng)站payment-defi.com,后面就不再有其它句子成分,而且翻譯的時(shí)候需要在名詞后添加一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,或者將該抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。如:
There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
【參考譯文】有跡象表明,餐館越來越受到家庭的青睞。(這里就在“跡象”一詞后添加了“表明”,來順接同位語從句的內(nèi)容,是什么跡象。)