2016年度全國(guó)研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)（二)真題及答案詳細(xì)解析
Section 1 Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “l(fā)ess codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.
1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often
8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke
13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare
14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced
15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out
1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]how
[考點(diǎn)分析]連詞辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，"新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明：快樂可能會(huì)影響工作__的穩(wěn)定。"[A]為什么[B]哪里[C]怎樣，多么[D]當(dāng)…時(shí)候。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義分析，C選項(xiàng)填入原文，譯為"快樂可能會(huì)影響工作是有多么穩(wěn)定"，C為正確選項(xiàng)。
2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]In particular
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義以及短語(yǔ)辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]反過來(lái)[B]尤其是[C]相反[D]總的來(lái)說根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境，第二段第一句譯為"根據(jù)近期的研究，擁有更多快樂的人的公司會(huì)投資更多"。而第二句"_______那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。"第二句是在第一句的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)說明，因此B選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境要求。
3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]necessary
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]充足的[B]著名的[C]完美的[D]必要的首先，根據(jù)本句題干"That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future."譯為"因?yàn)榭鞓放c對(duì)未來(lái)投資有______長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。"要求填寫形容詞,我們要考慮其搭配與其修飾成分。空格處搭配介詞for,并且修飾"長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮"。因此D選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境要求。
4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]optimism
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]個(gè)人主義[B]現(xiàn)代主義[C]樂觀主義[D]現(xiàn)實(shí)主義本題考查同后綴的名詞辨析。根據(jù)原文主旨，探討"happy people"與公司的關(guān)系。那么，衡量四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)符合主旨要求。
5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]change
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]發(fā)出回聲[B]想念，錯(cuò)過[C]破壞[D]改變根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，"would 5 the way companies invested."本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配醫(yī)學(xué).全.在.線payment-defi.com，賓語(yǔ)為"公司投資的方式"只有D選項(xiàng)搭配最為合理。
6．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]measured
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]想象[B]衡量，測(cè)量[C]發(fā)明[D]假定，設(shè)想"So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas."譯為"他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所_____的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。"根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，蓋洛普咨詢公司所做的應(yīng)該是一個(gè)"既定事實(shí)"所以排除ACD。因此，B選項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。
7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]Sure
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]確信的[B]奇怪的[C]不幸運(yùn)的[D]經(jīng)常的本題為固定搭配"sure enough"譯為"足以肯定的是，"
8．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]headquartered
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]廣告的[B]劃分的[C]課稅過重的[D]位于總部的根據(jù)原文"firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . "譯為"足以肯定的是，公司投資與研發(fā)力度與公司______的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。"inwhich引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為area.對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，ABC不足以說明此地點(diǎn)的真實(shí)含義。因此，D選項(xiàng)，搭配前文area,構(gòu)成"總部所在地"最為合理。
9．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]explain
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]解釋[B]夸大[C]概述[D]重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)原文"…or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?"A選項(xiàng)"explain"常和后文"why"搭配使用。
10．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]factors
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析][A]階段[B]因素[C]等級(jí)[D]方法根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境"To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales…"本題中，破折號(hào)后面"大小，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售"這些都是"讓公司有更多投資的"因素。因此，B選項(xiàng)最符合原文語(yǔ)境。
11．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]desirable
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義和形容詞
[選項(xiàng)分析]該空填的是形容詞，用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞place,并且在意義上也是對(duì)后面like growth in wages or population的解釋，可以看出來(lái)應(yīng)該是填褒義詞，并且能修飾place.所以只有[A]desirable合適的符合文章。[B]social社交的[C]reputable受尊敬的[D]reliable可依靠的。
12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]held
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]該句算是這一段的總結(jié)句，該段整體在描述幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系，而這一link就只能得出了，只有[B]held"得出"符合語(yǔ)境。Aresumed"重新開始"，Cemerge"浮現(xiàn)"，Dbroke"破壞"。
13．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]attribute
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及動(dòng)詞詞組辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]該空是一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在地，動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)就是前面的主句，強(qiáng)調(diào)"幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司"這一結(jié)論與后面"所做決定會(huì)偏草率"之間的關(guān)系，能看出是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，因此答案選擇[A]attribute與to搭配表示"歸因于……"，而[B]assignto表示"指派"[C]transferto"轉(zhuǎn)移到"[D]compareto"與……比較"均不符合題意。
14．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]experienced
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]此處很簡(jiǎn)單，前面有一個(gè)并列連詞and,與前面的young一致修飾managers,強(qiáng)調(diào)新公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)年輕并缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，只有[D]experienced最合適。
15.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]also
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及副詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]前面說到了"年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。"與后面的"這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對(duì)快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。"之間很明顯是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以只有[C]also合適。
"
16.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]equally
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及副詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]這題是考察副詞修飾spread,但是更要注意的是該句"這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對(duì)快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。"中該空與后面的inequality形成復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，所以很容易判斷出答案選擇[D]equally。
17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]while
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系
[選項(xiàng)分析]該題是典型的考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目，因此著力點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在上一段和這一段之間的關(guān)系。這一段第一句明確說出"這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資……"，所以兩句話之間是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇while。
18.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]hints
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]該題可以看出是考察動(dòng)詞與at的固定搭配，arrive at是"到達(dá)，抵達(dá)"，jump at是"撲向；欣然接受"hint at是"暗示"strike at是"襲擊，攻擊"，文章中的at least和that possibility論證了這是一種可能，只有hint at有這層含義。
19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]shape
[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個(gè)"影響"未來(lái)看法含義的動(dòng)詞，[B]是"再發(fā)現(xiàn)"[C]是"使簡(jiǎn)化，使單純"[D]是"分享"所以可以均可以排除，A是"塑造，形成，影響"，所以A項(xiàng)是最佳答案。
20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]lean towards
[選項(xiàng)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞組詞義辨析
[考點(diǎn)分析]本空考察動(dòng)詞詞組，且該詞組詞義應(yīng)與and前面意思保持一致，且作用對(duì)象為研發(fā)。[A]pray for祈禱[B]lean towards傾向[C]give away放棄，泄露[D]send out放出，給予。只有[B]選項(xiàng)能表達(dá)一種遞進(jìn)含義。
【全文翻譯】
快樂的人工作起來(lái)會(huì)有不同。他們更多產(chǎn)，更有創(chuàng)造力，也更愿意去冒險(xiǎn)。近期的一項(xiàng)研究表明快樂也可能會(huì)影響公司的工作。
根據(jù)近期的研究報(bào)告，在各地的公司里，擁有更多快樂的員工會(huì)投入的更多。尤其是那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。因?yàn)榭鞓放c對(duì)未來(lái)投資有必要的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)閷?duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行投資需要作出長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)決策，而這種決策與快樂相關(guān)。
研究者希望了解樂觀精神和隨快樂而來(lái)的冒險(xiǎn)精神是否會(huì)改變公司投資的方式。因此，他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所評(píng)估出的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
足以肯定的是，公司投資和研發(fā)力度與公司總部所在地的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。但是幸福真的與投資相關(guān)嗎？或者說幸福指數(shù)更高的城市的其他方面能夠說明公司為何加大研發(fā)投入。為了弄清這一點(diǎn)，研究者掌握了多種可能促使公司投資的因素，例如規(guī)模，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售，也掌握了各種指標(biāo)，如適宜居住地，工資漲幅及人口變化。了解這些問題后，幸福與投資的關(guān)系就能夠輕松得出了。
幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司，這是因?yàn)樾鹿舅鰶Q定會(huì)偏草率，而且年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。同樣，這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)相同的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對(duì)快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。
然而這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資，或者從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來(lái)講，研究人員認(rèn)為至少它預(yù)示著這種可能性。不難想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影響高管對(duì)于未來(lái)的看法。"快樂的人比普通人有預(yù)見性、創(chuàng)造力、更善于研發(fā)這種說法似乎更可信。"一位研究者說。
