腎交感神經(jīng)主要從胸12至腰12脊髓發(fā)出,其纖維經(jīng)腹腔神經(jīng)叢支配腎動(dòng)脈(尤其是入球小動(dòng)脈和出球小動(dòng)脈的不滑肌)、腎小管和釋放腎素的顆粒細(xì)胞。腎交感神經(jīng)末稍釋放去甲腎上腺素,調(diào)節(jié)腎血流量、腎小球?yàn)V過率、腎小管的重吸收和腎素釋放。有人認(rèn)為,未發(fā)現(xiàn)腎有副并感神經(jīng)支配,腎的各種感受器可經(jīng)腎神經(jīng)傳入脊髓,并從脊髓投射到中樞的不同部位。