南華大學(xué)護(hù)理學(xué)院《護(hù)理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》 測(cè)試題二 一、Select the best answer for each of the following questions.（one point per question, thirty points in total) 1. A safe environment is one in which people: A. feel a sense of comfortable B. feel a sense of security C. can function without injury and feel a sense of security D. can function without injury 2. Noise has many sources, most of which are associated with A. urban development: road, air and rail transport B. industrial noise C. neighborhood and recreational noise D. all of the above 3. All the following comments on indoor temperatures are right except that: A. how people define comfort in temperature varies among individuals and cultures. B. most North Americans feel comfortable in indoor temperatures between 20 and 22?C. Chinese people are comfortable indoor temperatures between 18 and 22?C C. rooms for newborns may be kept warmer than this because they have little subcutaneous fat and immature neurological system D. many elderly and inactive patients enjoy a less warm environment 3. When the humidity is high, people often have: A. increasing an incidence of irritation and infection B. stuffy C. dry mucous membranes of the nose and throat D. cracking of nasal mucous and nosebleeds 4. Adequate lighting is not true: A. no dim B. no glaring C. no deep shadows D. dim 5. Generally speaking, which of the following sound levels is comfortable in hospitals? A. below 35 decibels B. below 40 decibels C. below 45 decibels D. below 50 decibels 6. The closed bed is: A. often made after a patient has discharged or just before a new patient is admitted B. often made before a new patient admitted or after a patient is away for a moment C. often made for patients who have undergone surgical procedures D. often made for patients who have been given anesthetic for certain examinations 7. One sign that a formerly ill or depressed patient feels better is an interest in: A. shaving, hair care, or makeup B. diet C. treatment D. nursing care 8. To determine the movement of lips, the patient is asked to: A. purse the lips as if to whistle B. talk C. brush D. drink 9. About 75% of elderly people have lost all their own teeth: A. by age 60 B. by age 65 C. by age 70 D. by age 75 10. If the hair is long and tangles, what the nurse should do: A. use a small amount of 30% alcohol to moisten it and then comb it slowly B. use a small amount of 90% alcohol to moisten it and then comb it slowly C. use a small amount of water to moisten it and then comb it slowly D. directly comb it slowly 11. When bathing an adult in bed the nurse should adjust the temperature of the room and water respectively to: A. 18~22℃, and 50~52℃ B. 22~24℃, and 41~46℃ C. 22~25℃, and 41~46℃ D. 22~25℃, and 50~52℃ 12. Decubitus ulcers are chiefly: A. because of prolonged pressure resulting in deprivation of oxygen to an area B. because of anemia resulting in deprivation of essential nutrients to an area C. because of prolonged pressure resulting in deprivation of oxygen and essential nutrients to an area D. because of prolonged moisture resulting in the skin ulcers 13. Skin and underlying tissues are pulled over each other because of: A. pressures B. shearing forces C. friction D. none of the above 14. Which of the following morning care activities is the first one? A. toileting B. breakfast C. washing the face and hands D. oral care 15. Insertion of a rectal thermometer may cause a potentially harmful condition. This condition is A. an increase in heart rate B. a decrease in heart rate C. an involumtarty loss of stool D. an increase in respirations 16. While taking an adult client’s pulse, the nurse finds the rate to be 140. The nurse would report and document this finding as: A. hyperthermia B. bradycardia C. palpitations D. tachycardia 17. A client complains of severe abdominal pain. When assessing the vital signs, the nurse would not be surprised to find: A. an increase in the pulse rate B. a decrease in body temperature C. a decrease in body pressure D. an increase in body temperature 18. In recording a blood pressure of 120/80, the 120 represents A. the pulse rate B. the diastolic pressure&nbpayment-defi.com/shiti/sp; C. the systolic pressure D. the pulse deficit 19. When taking exercise, food, fluid or other activities, the agencies should be measured temperature in: A. 15 minutes B. 20 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 40 minutes 20. When using side rails and restraints, what is the most important thing for the patients? A. the patients understand why these devices are being employed and what is expected of them B. the nurse should know how to use these devices C. the nurse should follow the agency policy D. the nurses understand why these devices are being employed 21. Type A fibers chiefly transmit: A. burning sensation B. pricking pain C. aching pain D. squeezing pain 22. Sometimes a patient feels pain in an area other than the site of the source of the pain, this is called: A. phantom pain B. referred pain C. shifting pain D. psychogenic pain 23. The most common cycle is: A. the circadian rhythm, a 1-day cycle B. the infradian rhythm, a monthly cycle C. the ultradian rhythm, consisting of cycles completed in minutes or hours D. all of the above 24. A person can be readily awakened from which stage of NREM sleep A. stage I B. stage II C. stage III D. stage IV 25. The following thermotherapy applications are dry heat except: A. hot compress B. hot water bottles C. electric packs D. heat lamps 26. The following factors effect heat and cold therapy are true except: A. area B. time C. temperature D. psychology 27. Those people who are more sensitive to heat than others, the temperature of water is less than: A. 60℃ B. 50℃ C. 40℃ D. 55℃ 28. When applying the ice cap, the rectal temperature should not be less than: A. 30℃ B. 33℃ C. 35℃ D. 37℃ 29. Decreased muscle size is called； A. contractures B. ankylosis C. atrophy D. osteoporosis 30. If the sleeper is very tired, REM cycles are often A. short B. long C. unchanged D. short or long 二、多選題 （每題1分，共10分) 1．住院處護(hù)理中不宜進(jìn)行衛(wèi)生處置的病人有（ ) A．即將分娩者 B．急性心機(jī)梗死病人 C．低熱待查病人 D．白內(nèi)障待手術(shù)病人 E．食管靜脈曲張破裂出血病人 2．呼吸困難病人采取半坐臥位的目的是（ ) A．?dāng)U大胸腔容量 B．減少回心血量 C．保持呼吸道通暢 D．減輕心臟負(fù)擔(dān) E．改善呼吸困難 3．隔離技術(shù)用于（ ) A．傳染病病人 B．高度易感人群 C．傳染病帶菌者 D．免疫力低下者 E．年老體弱的病人 4．低溫蒸汽消毒法用于（ ) A．內(nèi)鏡 B．搪瓷 C．敷料 D．塑料制品 E．橡膠制品 5．健康女性體溫輕度升高可發(fā)生在（ ) A．經(jīng)前期 B．排卵期 C．經(jīng)期 D．經(jīng)后期 E．妊娠早期 6．可直腸測(cè)溫的病人是（ ) A．心機(jī)梗死的病人 B．腹瀉病人 C．熱坐浴后40分鐘的病人 D．精神疾病病人 E．?huà)胗變?/P> 7．由于操作不當(dāng)使血壓偏高的因素是（ ) A．袖口太緊 B．袖帶纏臂太松 C．袖帶太窄 D．袖帶太寬 E．被測(cè)肢體低于心臟水平 8．李先生，70歲，晨間醒后出現(xiàn)頭痛、眩暈、肢體麻木，醫(yī)生診斷為“腦梗死”。此時(shí)不可以應(yīng)用的護(hù)理措施是（ ) A．保持環(huán)境安靜 B．鼓勵(lì)病人多活動(dòng) C．禁止灌腸 D．頭部置冰袋或冰帽 E．血壓監(jiān)護(hù)，防止降壓過(guò)快、過(guò)低 9．留置導(dǎo)尿管時(shí)，定期更換導(dǎo)尿管的目的是（ ) A．鍛煉膀胱的反射功能 B．減輕局部疼痛 C．防止導(dǎo)尿管老化、折段 D．防止出現(xiàn)膀胱刺激癥狀 E．防止逆行感染 10．小量不保留灌腸操作中正確的是（ ) A．用24~26號(hào)肛管 B．液量不超過(guò)200ml C．病人取左側(cè)臥位 D．肛管插入7~10cm E．保留10~20分鐘再排便 三、名詞解釋 （每題2分，共10分) 1．Edema 2．要素飲食 3．Blood pressure 4．醫(yī)源性損害 5．Comfort 四、填空題 （每空0.5分，共10分) 1．小量不保留灌腸常用“1、2、3”溶液，即 、 、 。 藥品數(shù)據(jù)2．尿液異常時(shí)顏色的改變有：肉眼血尿呈 ，血紅蛋白尿呈 ，膽紅素尿呈 ，膿尿呈 ，乳糜尿呈 。 3．基本飲食共分為四種： 、 、 、。 4．影響冷、熱療法效果的因素有 、 、 、 、 、 。 5．脈搏的強(qiáng)弱取決于 、 。 五、問(wèn)答題 （每題6分，共18分) 1．舉例并說(shuō)明護(hù)士在操作過(guò)程中如何運(yùn)用人體力學(xué)的原則。 2．WHO推薦的對(duì)于癌癥病人的藥物治療的三階段療法的原則及具體方法。 3．晨間護(hù)理的內(nèi)容有哪些？ 六、綜合分析題 （第一題10分，第二題12分，共22分) 1．王先生，70歲，診斷為“支氣管哮喘”，護(hù)士該如何為病人正確安置體位？并解釋此體位的作用。 2．何女士，50歲，行膽囊切除手術(shù)后6小時(shí)未排尿，精神焦慮，主訴下腹脹痛，有尿意，但排尿困難，體檢：恥骨聯(lián)合上膨隆，可觸及有囊性包塊，叩診呈濁音，請(qǐng)問(wèn)： ⑴ 該病人可能發(fā)生了什么情況？ ⑵ 應(yīng)采取哪些護(hù)理措施？ | 
