南華大學護理學院護理《護理學基礎》 測試題一 一、Select the best answer for each of the following questions. （one point per question, thirty points in total) 1. Safety and security needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are: A. second-level needs B. primary needs C. third-level needs D. forth-level needs 2. One of the most serious problems facing humanity and all other living things today is: A. environment pollution B. poor C. war D. hungry 3. How people define comfort in temperature varies among individuals and cultures. Chinese people feel comfortable indoor temperatures A. between 20 and 22?C B. between 18 and 22?C C. between 22 and 24?C D. between 18 and 24?C 4. Most people are comfortable when the humidity is: A. between 45% and50% B. between 50% and 55% C. between 50% and 60% D. between 55% and 65% 5. The distance of among the beds usually more than: A. 0.5 M B. 0.8 M C. 1 M D. 2 M 6. Many disease organisms enter the body through: A. the mouth B. the skin C. small intestines D. ears 7. The mouth care for unconscious patients from which of the following tooth the mouth gag should be inserted: A. the incisor B. the first molar C. the second molar D. the third molar 8. The temperature of water for a shampoo should be: A. 40~43℃ B. 43~45℃ C. 45~48℃ D. 48~50℃ 9. When taking tub bath or shower the nurse should adjust the temperature of the room and water respectively to: A. 18~22℃, and 41~46℃ B. 22~24℃, and 41~46℃ C. 18~22℃, and 40~43℃ D. 22~24℃, and 45~50℃ 10. The susceptible areas resulting in pressure sores are: A. supine position: back of head-scapulae, elbows, sacrum, heels B. prone position: cheek and ear C. lateral position: side of head, ear, shoulder, ribs, greater trochanter, breasts (women), genitalia, knees, toes D. all of the above 11. Which factor in the formation of a pressure ulcer is more important? A. the amount of pressure B. duration of pressure C. moisture D. nutrient condition 12. Which of the following injures are the mechanical injuries: A. injuries from accidental falls B. injuries from heat C. infection D. using appropriately or wrongly of medicine 13. Behavioral and physical signs help assess the severity of pain on a scale of 1 to10, between about 8 and 10 belong to: A. moderate pain B. severe pain C. slight pain D. mild pain 14. The trendelenburg position is not used for: A. circulatory shock B. drainage of pulmonary secretion C. bronchial asthma D. premature rupture of membranes 15. Which of the following sleep characteristics is not true? A. minimal physical activity B. variable levels of consciousness C. increased responsiveness to external stimuli D. changes in the body’s physiologic processes 16. Rhythmic biologic clocks (biorhythms) exist in A. plants B. anima C. human D. plants, animals, and humans 17. REM sleep is: A. not a passive, but a relatively active state B. also referred to as deep, restful sleep C. slow wave sleep D. a relatively inactive state 18. Heat and cold applications can be applied in either dry or moist forms; the form of choice depends upon: A. the exact purpose of the application and the type of wound B. part of the body C. size of the part of the exposed to heat of cold D. environmental temperature 19. Heat is well tolerated by: A. the very youths B. the healthy adult C. the elderly D. the people with circulatory problems 20. When applying the hot soak, we should adjust the temperature of water so that it is between: A. 43-46℃ B. 50-60℃ C. 60-70℃ D.38-41℃ 21. Which of the following treatments is an example of moist heat? A. heat cradlpayment-defi.com/wszg/e B. hot water bottle C. heat lamp D. sitz bath 22. When applying the ice cap, the rectal temperature should not be less than: A. 30℃ B. 33℃ C. 35℃ D. 37℃ 23. An elevation of the body temperature above normal is labeled A. pyrexia B. hypothermia C. hypertension D. aferbrile 24. Blood pressure is the measurement of A. the flow of blood through the circulation B. the force of blood against arterial walls C. the force of blood against venous walls D. the flow of blood through the geart 25. Which of the following descriptions belongs to the abnormal respiration depth? A. Kussmal respiration B. tachypnea C. Cheyne-stokes D. Biot’s respiration 26. Findings from which of the following assessments would indicate that an alcohol sponge bath should be stopped? A. pulse rate and skin color B. skin temperature C. amount of sweating D. amount of shivering 27. The process of bone demineralization is called: A. contractures B. ankylosis C. atrophy D. osteoporosis 28. Muscle shortening and acquires movement belong to: A. isometric exercise B. isokinetic exercise C. isotonic exercise D. aerobic exercise 29. The semi-fowler’s position is applicable to: A. facial or cervical surgery, patient after surgery of abdominal and pelvic cavity B. acute left heart failure, dyspnea caused by pulmonary diseases, patients with inflammation C. weak patient during recovering D. shock 30. Pain that moves from one area to another, such as from the lower abdomen to the area over the stomach, this is called: A. sharp pain B. dull pain C. diffuse pain D. shifting pain 二、多選題 （每題1分，共10分) 1．急救器械不包括（ ) A．呼吸機 B．電動吸引器 C．心電圖機 D．纖維胃鏡 E．紫外線燈 2．病室通風的目的是（ ) A．凈化空氣 B．消滅細菌 C．增加氧含量 D．減少細菌數(shù)量 E．抑制細菌生長 3．吳先生，60歲，因中毒性肺炎到急診科治療，給予吸氧和輸液后用平車送往病區(qū)住院治療，途中應注意（ ) A．安置安全臥位 B．暫停輸液和保持吸氧 C．注意保暖 D．上下坡時頭在高處 E．暫停吸氧和保持輸液 4．肛門部位的檢查可采用（ ) A．屈膝 B．側臥位 C．俯臥位 D．截石位 E．膝胸位 5．煮沸消毒法，水中加碳酸氫鈉的目的是（ ) A．提高沸點 B．清潔去污 C．防止物品變形 D．防銹 E．增強殺菌作用 6．傳染病區(qū)內的清潔區(qū)是指（ ) A．病區(qū)走廊 B．醫(yī)護值班室 C．病人廁所 D．病區(qū)化驗室 E．更衣室 7．不重視口腔護理引起的并發(fā)癥有（ ) A．鼻竇炎 B．口腔炎 C．腮腺炎 D．中耳炎 E．扁桃體炎 8．劉先生，背部燒傷，需俯臥，在制定護理計劃時，應考慮有發(fā)生壓瘡的潛在危險（ ) A．足跟 B．肩胛骨 C．胸肋部、膝部 D．髂前上棘www.med126.com E．踝部 9．由于操作不當使血壓偏高的因素是（ ) A．袖口太緊 B．袖帶纏臂太松 C．袖帶太窄 D．袖帶太寬 E．被測肢體低于心臟水平 10．可用冷療的病人是（ ) A．肘關節(jié)挫傷5天 B．鼻出血 C．左小腿慢性炎癥 D．下肢淺靜脈炎 E．中暑高熱 三、名詞解釋 （每題2分，共10分) 1．繼發(fā)效應 2．Therapeutic diets 3．Pyrexia 4．醫(yī)院感染 5．Sterile techniques 四、填空題（每空0.5分，共10分) 1．新生兒及老年病人，室溫應保持在 ℃。 2．病區(qū)為控制躁聲，工作人員要做到“四輕”，即 、 、 、 。 3．影響舒適的因素包括： 、 、 、 。 4．最常見的機械性損傷是 。 5．化學消毒劑的使用方法有 、 、 、 。 6．根據(jù)尿失禁的原因可分為 、 、 。 7．成人血壓計的袖帶寬 cm，長 cm。小兒袖帶寬度應是上臂長度的 。 五、問答題 （每題6分，共18分) 1．如何觀察護理高熱病人？ 2．在無菌操作時，應注意哪些原則？ 3．試述分級護理的各種護理級別、適用對象及護理內容。 六、綜合分析題 （第一題10分，第二題12分，共22分) 1．丁先生，68歲，因腦血管意外昏迷入院，需鼻飼飲食，在為病人插管時需特別注意什么？用哪些方法證實胃管在胃內。 2．王女士，55歲，行膽囊切除手術后6小時未排尿，精神焦慮，主訴下腹脹痛，有尿意，但排尿困難，體檢：恥骨聯(lián)合上膨隆，可觸及有囊性包塊，叩診呈濁音，請問： ⑴ 該病人可能發(fā)生了什么情況？ ⑵ 應采取哪些護理措施？ | 
